Are car engine air filters universal? The answer is no. Different vehicles use different cabin air filters, and you need to make sure you choose the right one for your vehicle. You can search for the right filter for your vehicle with the Premium Guard filter search tool. However, some manufacturers may share power plants and therefore service parts will be identical.
Usually, a car comes with two air filters, one for the engine and one for the cabin. Both are equally important, and closely monitoring their condition is essential to the proper functioning of your car. Air filters are your car's first line of defense to prevent dirt, dust and other debris from entering the engine. Once inside, these particles can wreak havoc with vital components and cost you thousands of dollars in repairs. Take a look at our picks of best-performing air filters for cars to help keep your engine clean and running smoothly.
As my audiologist can confirm, I have spent much of my career alongside noisy cars that run on chassis dynamometers. Air intake modifications are a favorite in the tuning industry, so I've tried every variety you can imagine; from simple filters to polished aluminum cold air induction kits, to custom-made carbon fiber airboxes. So, I have a good idea of what works and what doesn't stop performance. If everything works as it should, there is no metal-to-metal contact during normal operation. Bearing surfaces have a thin layer of oil between them, the minimum expected, as you might guess, is just over 5 microns.
When this is true, particles below 5 microns cannot be trapped between two surfaces, causing damage to the surface. However, as oil viscosities become thinner and thinner, tolerances tighten, and engines turn faster or use higher cylinder pressure than ever before, the latest data indicate that many oil film thicknesses are regularly in the 2 to 3 micron range. Air filters stop particles in three different ways. The first and most obvious is impaction; this is when the inertia of the particle takes it to the individual elements of the filter medium and stops it as if it were paste in a strainer. The second is interception, here you have a particle that is small enough to be directed with the air stream and would normally pass through the middle, but it passes close enough to stick to it. Obviously, this captures smaller particles than the holes in the filter are designed for, but only a certain amount will get close enough to stick together.
This is for particles so small that they move in zigzagging patterns known as Brownian Motion. Similar to interception, particles that are so small that they would never be captured by impact, would hit the filter media and stick together. If there is no mechanism to cause the particle to adhere to the medium, such as in an oiled filter, the movement of the particles interrupted by interception and diffusion can be slowed but not stopped. The second measure of an air cleaner, which is of most interest to aftermarket tuners, is flow. Vehicle manufacturers design airboxes so that more than enough air flows to supply the engine under all circumstances. Tuners will make you believe that engineers are incompetent or have some nefarious plan to limit the power of your car, but neither is true. I've seen some surprising claims of power gains from modified air filters and induction systems; while you can gain one or two horsepower at a very specific RPM, they never give power across the range.
In summary, take filtration claims with a grain of salt, a grain less than 5 microns in diameter. What the companies advertise could be the best case scenario with the filter loaded and only tested with the ideal particle size. Then take the flow rates and power gains with the entire salt shaker. Flow rates rarely occur with pressure and density contributing to those numbers. The data shows that greased filters are likely to trap more smaller particles than dry filters, but are those particles so small that they won't cause damage anyway? Oil has been used to trap dust in air filters for almost the entire time that internal combustion engines have existed. K&N was the first to popularize the use of oiled cotton in the 1960s, unlike the oil bath method invented decades earlier. K&N cotton medium and other brands is the most popular, but greased foam is also common.
Experimental data have shown that these types of filters offer greater efficiency for smaller particles since for lack of a better term they are sticky. That filtering efficiency is present from installation to maintenance making them at least predictable. The vast majority of oiled cotton filters are considered parts for life which is always a good thing. By far the most common type of filter you'll find in the automotive world are paper filters. They're cheap good at filtering particles and you can change them quickly. The last point is particularly important for service centers where washing a filter and waiting for it to dry would leave a car sitting in an elevator longer than necessary. Maximum filter efficiency is achieved sometime after initial installation which means that the first part of service could include inhalation of particles considered harmful depending on the filter this charging phase may be only a few hundred miles so it may be worth changing your filter more often than recommended. In conclusion car engine air filters are not universal they are model specific meaning you should get a filter that is designed for your car model however some manufacturers may share power plants and therefore service parts will be identical For vehicles with similar engine models and ranges you can use your air filters interchangeably.